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范本1
《汽车实用英语》形成性考核册答案
汽车实用英语第一次平时作业
翻译四冲程发动机：
Internal Combustion Engine
The engine is a self-contained power unit which converts the heat energy of fuel into mechanical energy for moving the vehicle. Because fuel is burned within the engine, it is known as an internal combustion engine. In the internal combustion engine, air/fuel mixture is introduced into a closed cylinder where it is compressed and then ignited. The burning of the fuel causes a rapid rise in cylinder pressure which is converted to useful mechanical energy by the piston and crankshaft. The most common engine is the four-stroke piston engine. These four strokes are intake stroke, compression stroke, power stroke and exhaust stroke.
Intake Stroke
The intake stroke of a four-stroke engine begins with the piston at top dead center (TDC). The starter causes the crankshaft to rotate in a clockwise direction. The crankshaft, through the connecting rod, forces the piston to move downward. This downward movement of the piston creates a vacuum, a difference in pressure, in the space above the piston. The engine manufacturer times the intake valve action so that it opens automatically at or slightly before the piston starts down. Therefore, a mixture of gasoline and air, pushed by the atmospheric pressure outside the engine, rushes through the intake manifold and into the engine cylinder. At the same time, the exhaust valve remains closed during this downward stroke of the piston. This valve closure prevents the entering air/fuel charge from escaping through the exhaust port. After the piston reaches the bottom of its first stoke, the cylinder is practically full of an air/fuel charge. The drawing of an air/fuel charge into the cylinder in this manner, during the downward movement of the piston, constitutes the intake stroke of the piston.
进气冲程
四冲程发动机的进气冲程从活塞上止点位置开始。起动机以顺时针方向转动曲轴，曲轴通过连杆迫使活塞向下运动。活塞的向下运动在活塞上方形成一真空（即压力差）区。进气门经过发动机厂商的正时设计，在活塞刚开始（或稍提前一点）向下运动时自动开启。这样，汽油和空气的混合物在发动机外部大气压力的推动下沿着进气歧管进入发动机气缸。同时，排气门在活塞向下运动的行程内保持关闭，防止正在进入的可燃混合气通过排气口排出。在活塞达到进气冲程下止点之后，气缸内已经充满了可燃混合气了。可燃混合气在活塞向下运动时被吸入气缸的这个过程就是进气冲程。
内燃机
发动机是个自备动力的装置，将燃料的热能转换成机械能，用于推动车辆前行。由于燃料在发动机内部燃烧，故这种发动机被称为内燃机。在内燃机里，空气/燃料混合物被引入到封闭的气缸内，并在气缸内被压缩以及点燃。燃料燃烧引起气缸内压力迅速上升，并通过活塞和曲轴转换成有用的机械能。最常见的发动机是四冲程活塞式发动机。四冲程是进气冲程，压缩冲程，做功冲程和排气冲程。
汽车实用英语第二次平时作业
Compression Stoke
After the piston reaches bottom dead center (BDC), it moves upward again as the starter continues to turn the crankshaft in a clockwise direction. As the piston is beginning to move upward, the intake valve closes, and the exhaust valve remains closed. Since both valves are closed, the piston compresses the air/fuel mixture in the small space between the top of the piston and the cylinder head. As the piston reaches TDC again during its upward travel, the compression stroke of the piston is over. The air/fuel charge is now under compression so that it will produce a great deal of power when the spark plug ignites it.
Power Stroke
Just as or slightly before the piston reaches TDC on the compression stroke with the air/fuel mixture fully compressed, a timed electrical spark appears at the spark plug. This spark ignites the compressed air/fuel mixture. The burning mixture begins to expand; the pressure in the combustion chamber above the piston immediately increases. This results in a high pressure applied to the top of the piston. Now, both valves remain closed during the power stroke. This assures that the total force of the expanding gas applies itself to the head of the piston. This tremendous force pushes the piston downward on the power stroke, causing the connecting rod to rotate the crankshaft. In other words, the force resulting from the expansion of the burning air/fuel mixture is turning the crankshaft.
压缩冲程
当活塞到达下止点之后，随着起动机继续按顺时针方向转动曲柄，活塞又重新向上运动。当活塞开始重新向上运动时，进气门关闭，排气门仍保持关闭。由于两个气门都处于关闭状态，活塞向上运动时将可燃混合气压缩在活塞顶部和气缸盖之间的狭小空间内。当活塞再次到达上止点时，压缩冲程结束。这时可燃混合气处于压缩状态，经火花塞点燃后就会产生大量的能量。
做功冲程
在压缩冲程过程中活塞刚达到（或即将达到）上止点时，混合气得到充分压缩，这时火花塞上出现电子火花，将压缩的可燃混合气点燃。混合气燃烧时发生膨胀，使活塞上方燃烧室内的压力迅速增加，在活塞顶部产生巨大的压力。由于做功冲程过程中两个气门都处于关闭状态，这保证了气体膨胀产生的全部压力都作用在活塞顶部，活塞在这个巨大的气体压力推动下向下运动，带动连杆转动曲轴。换句话说，是可燃混合气体燃烧膨胀时产生的力在推动曲轴转动。
汽车实用英语第三次平时作业
Exhaust Stroke
Near the end of the downward movement of the piston on the power stroke, the camshaft opens the exhaust valve, but the intake valve remains closed. Although much of the gas pressure has expended itself driving the piston downward, some pressure still remains when the exhaust valve opens. This remaining pressurized gas flows comparatively freely from the cylinder through the passage (port) opened by the exhaust valve. Then as the piston again moves up in the cylinder, it drives any remaining gases out of the cylinder past the open exhaust valve. As the piston travels through the TDC position and starts downward again in the cylinder, a new operating cycle begins. The four strokes are continuously repeated in every cylinder as long as the engine remains running.
Flywheel
The engine cycle has only one power stroke where the piston is actually driving the crankshaft. During the other three stokes, the rotating crankshaft is moving the piston up or down in its cylinder. Thus, during the power stroke, the crankshaft tends to speed up; during the other three strokes, it tends to slow down. To keep the crankshaft turning smoothly between two power strokes, the flywheel is attached to the end of the crankshaft. This wheel resists any effort to change its speed of rotation. When the crankshaft tends to speed up or slow down, flywheel resists it.
排气冲程
在做功冲程活塞向下运动接近终了时，凸轮轴打开排气门，进气门仍保持关闭。虽然在推动活塞向下运动时，气体的大部分压力都已消耗掉，但在打开排气门时气体仍有一定的压力。这部分残余的气体较为自由地从气缸中通过排气门排出。接着，当活塞在气缸中再次向上运动时，活塞就将气缸中任何残余的废气通过排气门推出。当活塞在气缸中经过上止点后再次向下运动时，则又开始了一轮新的循环。
飞轮
发动机的一个工作循环中只有一个做功冲程是真正驱动曲轴转动的。在其他三个冲程中，转动的曲轴带动活塞在气缸中向上或向下运动。因此，在做功冲程时，曲轴会加速转动；在其他三个冲程中，曲轴则会减速。为了保持曲轴在两个做功冲程之间能平稳转动，我们将飞轮安装在曲轴端头。飞轮起到稳定曲轴转速的作用。当曲轴有加快或降低转速的趋势时，飞轮会抵抗这种趋势。
汽车实用英语第四次平时作业
Exhaust Stroke
Near the end of the downward movement of the piston on the power stroke, the camshaft opens the exhaust valve, but the intake valve remains closed. Although much of the gas pressure has expended itself driving the piston downward, some pressure still remains when the exhaust valve opens. This remaining pressurized gas flows comparatively freely from the cylinder through the passage (port) opened by the exhaust valve. Then as the piston again moves up in the cylinder, it drives any remaining gases out of the cylinder past the open exhaust valve. As the piston travels through the TDC position and starts downward again in the cylinder, a new operating cycle begins. The four strokes are continuously repeated in every cylinder as long as the engine remains running.
Flywheel
The engine cycle has only one power stroke where the piston is actually driving the crankshaft. During the other three stokes, the rotating crankshaft is moving the piston up or down in its cylinder. Thus, during the power stroke, the crankshaft tends to speed up; during the other three strokes, it tends to slow down. To keep the crankshaft turning smoothly between two power strokes, the flywheel is attached to the end of the crankshaft. This wheel resists any effort to change its speed of rotation. When the crankshaft tends to speed up or slow down, flywheel resists it.
排气冲程
在做功冲程活塞向下运动接近终了时，凸轮轴打开排气门，进气门仍保持关闭。虽然在推动活塞向下运动时，气体的大部分压力都已消耗掉，但在打开排气门时气体仍有一定的压力。这部分残余的气体较为自由地从气缸中通过排气门排出。接着，当活塞在气缸中再次向上运动时，活塞就将气缸中任何残余的废气通过排气门推出。当活塞在气缸中经过上止点后再次向下运动时，则又开始了一轮新的循环。
飞轮
发动机的一个工作循环中只有一个做功冲程是真正驱动曲轴转动的。在其他三个冲程中，转动的曲轴带动活塞在气缸中向上或向下运动。因此，在做功冲程时，曲轴会加速转动；在其他三个冲程中，曲轴则会减速。为了保持曲轴在两个做功冲程之间能平稳转动，我们将飞轮安装在曲轴端头。飞轮起到稳定曲轴转速的作用。当曲轴有加快或降低转速的趋势时，飞轮会抵抗这种趋势。
范本2
电大《汽车实用英语》形成性考核册作业与讲评
I. Translate the following phrases and expresses.
1. disc brake:
2. spark ignition and compression ignition:
3. crankshaft and camshaft:
4. Emission control system:
5. Multi-cylinder engine:
6. Clearance volume:
7. gasoline mixed with air:
8. jump across the gap of spark plug:
9. turn through a half revolution:
答案：
1、盘式制动 2、点燃式和压缩式
3、曲轴和凸轮轴 4、排放控制系统
5、多缸发动机 6、余隙容积（燃烧室容积）
7、空气和燃料混合气 8、火花塞跳火
9、旋转半圈
II. Multiple Choice: Circle the letter in the correct answer.
1． An automobile includes the following major categories: the body, the engine, ______ and the electrical system.
A steering system B power source C chassis D ignition system
2. With front drive arrangement or rear-wheel-drive arrangement, ______ transmit the power to the drive wheels.
A piston engine B gears C gears and shafts D diesel engine
3. ______ is used to separate drive from the engine to gearbox and to allow a smooth, progressive take-up of drive.
A The clutch B The transmission system C The drum brake D The shock absorber
4. If you want to control the front wheel over various kinds of road conditions, you need learn to use_______.
A steering gear B starting system C steering system D final drive
5. In both drum and disc brakes,_______ is used to connect the brake pedal to the brake parts at each wheel.
A a hydraulic control system B brake assembly C a starting system D a braking system
6. A spark ignition engine has one more basic system than Diesel engine to run, it is______,
A fuel system B ignition system C lubricating system D cooling system
7. After the fuel system delivers air-fuel mixture to a cylinder, a (an) ______ ignites the mixture.
A electric spark B battery C spark plug D ignition system
8. The ______ system is applied to prevent metal parts of the engine from rubbing against each other.
A emission control B cooling C starting D lubricating
9. The ______ system is used to reduce the air pollution caused by the engine.
A lubricating B emission control C starting D ignition
10. In a four-stroke cycle, which one is actually doing work?
A intake stroke B compression stroke C power stroke D exhaust stroke
11. The shortcomings of the petrol engine in the nineteenth century include the followings except ______.
A unreliable nature of the ignition system B very expensive and not efficient enough
C no spark plug is used D high fire risk caused by petrol
12. The diesel engine is also called compression ignition engine because______.
A compression stroke is one of the four-strokes of a diesel engine.
B the diesel engine is ignited by the heat of compression not by spark .
C the diesel engine has a very high compression ratio.
D Both A and B
13. In the compression stroke, one main difference between a diesel engine and a petrol engine is that ______.
A the air is compressed in the sealed cylinder in the diesel engine
B the petrol engine has a comparatively very low compression ratio
C combustion occurs by spark ignition in the diesel engine
D Both A and B
14. The two basic types of fuel injection pumps used in the diesel engine are ______ and in-line type.
A out-line type B low-pressure pipe
C Distributor Pump Assembly D fuel filter
15. Compared with the in-line pump, the DPA has the following advantages: self-lubricating, easy servicing, low cost of production and ______.
A a common single element B fitted to more bigger engines.
C a more precision-built unit D Both A and C
16. ______ makes the piston to move up and down in the engine cylinder.
A pressure changes B piston head
C atmospheric pressure D mechanical force
17. During the power stroke, a force of up to 4000 pounds is suddenly applied to the piston head for _______ times a second.
A 30 B 40 C 70 D 30 to 40
18. Pistons for modern engines are made of _______.
A cast iron B steel C aluminum-alloy D tin-alloy
19. The function of the piston rings is to ________.
A help cool the piston by transferring heat from the piston to the cylinder wall
B provide a sliding seal between the piston and cylinder wall
C scrape oil off the cylinder wall as the piston moves down on the power and intake strokes.
D all of the above
20. The connecting rod is made of ______.
A cast iron B forged alloy steel C aluminum-alloy D sheet steel
答：
1—5 CCACD 6—10 BADBC
11—15CDDCA 16—20 ADCDB
III. Match each number item with the most closely related lettered item and write your answers in the space provided.
A- pushrod
B- camshaft
C-cam
D-gear
E-crankshaft
F-flywheel
G-rocker arm
H-connecting rod
I- valve spring seat
J-throttle
K-piston ring
L-lifter
M-cylinder
N-valve
O-valve spring
P-fuel tank
Q-torque
答：1—H 2—K 3—A 4—E 5—C 6—F
IV. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.
1. friction 2. charged 3. cruise 4. lubricating/to be lubricated
5. worn 6. combustible 7. transmit 8. compress 9. harden 10. aglignment
V. Translate the following sentences.
1. With the introduction of computers and electronic devices, the modern vehicle’s electrical system is becoming more and more complex.
答：随着电脑及电子设备的发展，现代汽车的电器系统变得越来越复杂。
2. The mass production of the automobiles has affected the society history in the 20th century most of all the inventions.
答：在20世纪的所有发明中，汽车的大规模生产影响了整个社会历史。
3. The suspension system can absorb the road shock, which results in a smoother ride, safer handling and less mechanical wear.
答：减震系统（悬架系统）能吸收路面震动，这有助于行驶平稳，操纵方便及有利于减小机械磨损。
4. When the piston move to its highest position inside the cylinder, we can say it is at Top Dead Center (TDC).
答：当活塞运动到气缸内的最高位置时，我们称之为上止点。
5. As a mixture of water and antifreeze, coolant circulates through these water jackets, picking up heat and carrying it away.
答：作为水和防冻液的混和物，冷却液在水套中循环，将热量带走。
6. Although the other three strokes are necessary, they are idle strokes.
答：虽然其它三个行程都必不可少，但它们都属于无效行程。
7. Fuel tank is usually made of sheet steel with rectangular or circular in shape and have a capacity for approximately 270 liters of fuel.
答：燃油箱通常由矩形或圆形钢板制成，一般能储存270L左右的燃料。
8. Diesel’s work turned out to be so successful by the first decade of the twentieth century that the engine was named after his name, the diesel engine.
答：狄塞尔的工作被证明是20世纪初成功的发明，所以柴油机以他的名字来命名。
9. The heavy stresses imposed upon the shaft during operation require its construction to be very stiff and tough. The material used for its manufacture is a special alloy steel, which is either cast or forged into shape.
答：作用在轴上的力较大，从而要求制造轴的材料必须具有较高的强度，一般采用特种合金钢通过锻造或铸造成形。
10. The rear end of the crankshaft usually contains a flange with a number of drilled and tapped holes. The flywheel is securely fastened to it.
答：曲轴后端通常带有凸缘，上面钻有若干个孔，飞轮被固定在凸缘上。
11. 空气燃油混合气的燃烧使得活塞运动，并带动曲轴旋转。
答：The burning of air-fuel mixture makes the pistons move up and down, then turn the crankshaft around.
12. 冷却液是水和防冻液的混合物，冷却液在水套中循环，将发动机的热量带走。
答：As a mixture of water and antifreeze, coolant circulates through these water jackets, picking up heat and carrying it away.
13. 一个完整的发动机工作循环需要四个冲程：进气冲程、压缩冲程、作功冲程和排气冲程。
答：The complete cycle of an engine requires four piston strokes: intake, compression, power and exhaust.
14. 柴油机是压燃式发动机。柴油机利用压缩热量来点燃燃料。
答：The diesel engine is a compression ignition engine. The diesel engine uses compression heat to spark the fuel.
15. 柴油机和汽油机一个主要区别是柴油机的压缩比非常高。
答：One of the difference between the diesel engine and the petrol engine is the compression ratio of the diesel engine is very high.
第二次作业答案
一、
1、气门座
2水冷系统 3、气缸顺序
4、短路 5、正时延迟
6歧管喷射 7三元催化器
二. 1B 2C 3C 4A 5D 6B 7D 8B 9C 10D 11B 12A 13D 14B 15D 16A 17C 18A 19D 20A
三.
1-rocker arm 2-valve springt seat 3-spring 4- valve
5- lifter 6-cam 7-camshaft 8-pushrod
四. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.
evaporate dilute seal dissipate simultaneously
positive bounce transfer boost warm-up
1. The water soon ______ in the sunshine.
2. Before the comprehensive test, you’d better do some _______ exercise.
3. The demonstrations in London and Pairs happened ______.
4. The company is taking a new measure to ______ their export trade.
5. The electrical charge can be either ______ or negative such that like charges repel and opposite charges attract.
6. Who is responsible for the ______ of military supplies?
7. He was drinking a glass of wine ______ with water.
8. The ball __________ twice before hitting the net.
9. The mist quickly ______ as the sun rose.
10. Put a ______ here, it will help prevent oil leaking out.
答：1、evaporate 2、warm-up
3、simultaneously 4、boost
5、positive 6、transfer
7、dilute 8、bounces
9、dissipate 10、seal
作业与讲评三
一.
1. 自动离合器 2. 弹簧周向布置 3.离心力 4. 变速杆 5.中间轴 6. 直齿齿轮
7. 独立悬架 8. 操纵性能 9. 麦弗逊立柱型悬架 10.非独立悬架
二.
1D 2A 3B 4C 5A 6A 7A 8D 9A 10B 11C 12A 13D 14A 15D 16B 17D 18C 19C 20D
三.
a-9 b-3 c-10 d-4 e-7 f-2 g-1 h-8 i-5 j-6
四.
1. transient 2. appreciable 3. bulging 4. effects 5. configuration 6. intermediate 7. harshness 8. independant 9. shielded 10.dragging
作业与讲评四
一.
1. 摩擦系数 2. 操纵灵敏性 3. 凹槽轮辋 4. 迎面碰撞 5. 电控单元 6. 侧面碰撞监测
7. 侧向加速度 8. 换热器 9. 固定节流孔 10. 软管和管路
二.
1C 2B 3A 4C 5C 6C 7C 8B 9C 10C 11A 12A 13B
14A 15C 16B 17 C 18B 19D 20A
三.
a-3 b-1 c-10 d-6 e-7 f-4 g-5 h-8 i-9 j-2
四.
1. resonant 2. split 3. symmetric 4. smashed 5. collision
6. slackens 7. inflates 8. sweat 9. saturated 10. clumped
2、一第二次作业翻译题：
1、这可以解释为这样的事实，就是吸入冲程，冷饮空气通过吸入口和阀门头然后进入气缸，这样对吸入阀有一个散冷饮的效果。
种特殊的镍铬合金涂料也可以被添加到阀门的头上，因为它提供了耐高温和腐蚀袭击废气的酸性物质的实验。
3、为使他们能承受负荷的开启阀门，凸轮必须要有一个良好的深度硬化的制造过程。
4、当阀门阀弹跳发生呯的一声关在阀上，这使它能反弹的效果。
5、热由燃烧产生，从发动机内部零件传导向外翅片。
6、冷却剂可以自由流通发动机的检查热点，其中包括气门和阀门、阀门座上部的缸壁上活塞和活塞环上下滑动。
7、散热器的目的是为了让新鲜空气通过在管道中的流动减少冷却剂的温度。
8、低压点火线圈通过干电池转变成一个高电压。高压有足够的压力来跳过一个气隙的火花塞，其操作在约两和向两万伏特。
9、活塞升起时，它会压缩准备点火的混合气体，在这一进程中，外部能量通过点火塞打火。
10、各种各样发动机管理系统确定多少转矩生成。发动机管理系统的首要和最重要的任务是调节发动机的转矩生成控制所有这些功能和影响因素，在发动机的管理子系统中。
11. Each cylinder has two valves. One is the intake valve and the other is the exhaust valve.
12. The valve and associated parts include the camshaft, the valves, valve seats, valve guides spring and seals.
13. The valve trains are divided into side camshaft type and overhead camshaft type, according to the location of the camshaft.
14. In order to make the position of the valve according to the right with the crankshaft open and close the camshaft must adjust according to the crankshaft and timing.
15. Usually, a fan is made up of four to six curled blades. When the fan rotates, the leaf is pumping the air through the radiator.
第三次作业翻译题:
1、制造大型弹簧离合器轴力和小尺寸的离合器的弹簧制造商的困难就在于它们这些离合器之间的劣势。
2、这个事实必须在选择离合器安全因素当中要考虑到。
3、单盘式离合器是简单的制作中服务、可靠、以解脱，足以使确保有效脱除摩擦热偶。
4、在总发动机传播中表现出极高的效率，固定比率传输在设计上相对于其他的传输设计简便廉价，这就是为什么它们在不同类型的车辆中获得了广泛认可的原因。
5、增加的速度比提高发动机功率利用率、燃油经济性能和平均旅行速度，导致增加的汽车产量和减少运输成本。
6、设计简单，两班制传输可以使齿轮间躁音低和提高效率，最重要的优点是设计简单，安排方便当发动机前轮和四轮驱动车位于后方时。
7、这个设计被称为麦弗逊式前独立支撑。。它使用较少的部件数量比小节里长的手臂仍然给予了车辆悬架系统的角度和出色的处理。
8、当一个轮胎不会呆在路当上打滑的汽车开始，控制会减小或消失。
9、刹车带材料暴露在空气中导致在潮湿和肮脏的砂砾中的道路上行驶，就会使车辆在颠簸的道路上刹车未受保护快。
10、相比传统的轮胎，这些特别设计的轮胎有超强的牵引和处理。
11、刹车服务由推压刹车踏板提供的，正因为如此，加压刹车液压系统和四轮提供摩擦总成才使轿车停下来。
第四次作业翻译题：
1、相比传统的轮胎，这些特别设计的轮胎有超强的牵引和处理。
2、强烈的共振频率低速的躁音，子午线轮胎的主要缺点就是用悬挂系统为斜交轮胎设计的。
3、这个轮胎凹槽中倾向于折下转弯时，可以增加轮胎的偏离角，这个角是介于方向之间的夹角为首的轮胎和实际的方向是怎样的。
4、一个子午胎有较低的调心转矩当侧向力是应用，会产生一种更快转向反应及车辆反应操作者的输入。
5、万一迎头相撞，他们拉紧安全带绕身体的上部分并尽量不让人贴紧座位的靠背，以防止过度向前位移的身体造成大规模的惯性。
6、驾驶员和前排乘客都有他们自己的安全气囊，这项工作是为了保护他们免于头部和胸部受伤，当汽车以60公里/小时行驶时与一个固体障碍物相碰撞时。
7、当车辆碰撞时，司机和前排乘客被各自的安全气囊保护着，安全气囊就突然之间膨胀，变成爆炸释放发生器从而成为安全保护装置。
8、为了冷却空气，空调的制冷系统由五个部分组成，它们分别是：压缩机、冷凝器、蒸发器，接收器和制冷流量控制阀或恒温膨胀阀。
9、冷凝器换热是一种在发动机冷却系统的散热器；有两套通道：气管通过它外面的空气的传导和冷冻管所通过的高压、高温蒸气的流动来制冷。
10、低温制冷剂压缩机会制蒸气，这就需要有蒸发器和压缩高压蒸气。
2、一第二次作业翻译题：
1、这可以解释为这样的事实，就是吸入冲程，冷饮空气通过吸入口和阀门头然后进入气缸，这样对吸入阀有一个散冷饮的效果。
种特殊的镍铬合金涂料也可以被添加到阀门的头上，因为它提供了耐高温和腐蚀袭击废气的酸性物质的实验。
3、为使他们能承受负荷的开启阀门，凸轮必须要有一个良好的深度硬化的制造过程。
4、当阀门阀弹跳发生呯的一声关在阀上，这使它能反弹的效果。
5、热由燃烧产生，从发动机内部零件传导向外翅片。
6、冷却剂可以自由流通发动机的检查热点，其中包括气门和阀门、阀门座上部的缸壁上活塞和活塞环上下滑动。
7、散热器的目的是为了让新鲜空气通过在管道中的流动减少冷却剂的温度。
8、低压点火线圈通过干电池转变成一个高电压。高压有足够的压力来跳过一个气隙的火花塞，其操作在约两和向两万伏特。
9、活塞升起时，它会压缩准备点火的混合气体，在这一进程中，外部能量通过点火塞打火。
10、各种各样发动机管理系统确定多少转矩生成。发动机管理系统的首要和最重要的任务是调节发动机的转矩生成控制所有这些功能和影响因素，在发动机的管理子系统中。
11. Each cylinder has two valves. One is the intake valve and the other is the exhaust valve.
12. The valve and associated parts include the camshaft, the valves, valve seats, valve guides spring and seals.
13. The valve trains are divided into side camshaft type and overhead camshaft type, according to the location of the camshaft.
14. In order to make the position of the valve according to the right with the crankshaft open and close the camshaft must adjust according to the crankshaft and timing.
15. Usually, a fan is made up of four to six curled blades. When the fan rotates, the leaf is pumping the air through the radiator.
第三次作业翻译题:
1、制造大型弹簧离合器轴力和小尺寸的离合器的弹簧制造商的困难就在于它们这些离合器之间的劣势。
2、这个事实必须在选择离合器安全因素当中要考虑到。
3、单盘式离合器是简单的制作中服务、可靠、以解脱，足以使确保有效脱除摩擦热偶。
4、在总发动机传播中表现出极高的效率，固定比率传输在设计上相对于其他的传输设计简便廉价，这就是为什么它们在不同类型的车辆中获得了广泛认可的原因。
5、增加的速度比提高发动机功率利用率、燃油经济性能和平均旅行速度，导致增加的汽车产量和减少运输成本。
6、设计简单，两班制传输可以使齿轮间躁音低和提高效率，最重要的优点是设计简单，安排方便当发动机前轮和四轮驱动车位于后方时。
7、这个设计被称为麦弗逊式前独立支撑。。它使用较少的部件数量比小节里长的手臂仍然给予了车辆悬架系统的角度和出色的处理。
8、当一个轮胎不会呆在路当上打滑的汽车开始，控制会减小或消失。
9、刹车带材料暴露在空气中导致在潮湿和肮脏的砂砾中的道路上行驶，就会使车辆在颠簸的道路上刹车未受保护快。
10、相比传统的轮胎，这些特别设计的轮胎有超强的牵引和处理。
11、刹车服务由推压刹车踏板提供的，正因为如此，加压刹车液压系统和四轮提供摩擦总成才使轿车停下来。
第四次作业翻译题：
1、相比传统的轮胎，这些特别设计的轮胎有超强的牵引和处理。
2、强烈的共振频率低速的躁音，子午线轮胎的主要缺点就是用悬挂系统为斜交轮胎设计的。
3、这个轮胎凹槽中倾向于折下转弯时，可以增加轮胎的偏离角，这个角是介于方向之间的夹角为首的轮胎和实际的方向是怎样的。
4、一个子午胎有较低的调心转矩当侧向力是应用，会产生一种更快转向反应及车辆反应操作者的输入。
5、万一迎头相撞，他们拉紧安全带绕身体的上部分并尽量不让人贴紧座位的靠背，以防止过度向前位移的身体造成大规模的惯性。
6、驾驶员和前排乘客都有他们自己的安全气囊，这项工作是为了保护他们免于头部和胸部受伤，当汽车以60公里/小时行驶时与一个固体障碍物相碰撞时。
7、当车辆碰撞时，司机和前排乘客被各自的安全气囊保护着，安全气囊就突然之间膨胀，变成爆炸释放发生器从而成为安全保护装置。
8、为了冷却空气，空调的制冷系统由五个部分组成，它们分别是：压缩机、冷凝器、蒸发器，接收器和制冷流量控制阀或恒温膨胀阀。
9、冷凝器换热是一种在发动机冷却系统的散热器；有两套通道：气管通过它外面的空气的传导和冷冻管所通过的高压、高温蒸气的流动来制冷。
10、低温制冷剂压缩机会制蒸气，这就需要有蒸发器和压缩高压蒸气。